영어공부 - 4 | 완료시제, 전치사

# 완료시제는 언제 사용하는지?

현재 완료형은 과거에 대한 이야기를 하는것이 아님. 지금 현재 어떤 상태인지를 이야기하는 것.

 

> I did my homework - 숙제를 다 했다

> I've done my homework - 숙제를 다 했고 현재 나는 다 한 이후의 상태이다

(= I did my homework + And my homework is done.)

 

> I ate lunch - 점심을 먹었다

> I've eaten lunch - 지금 나는 점심을 먹고난 후의 상태이다

 

> I lived in korea for 20 years - 살았었다

> I've lived in korea for 20 years - 살아왔고 나는 살아온 이후의 상태이다

> I've been living in korea for 20 years. - 살아왔고 지금도 사는 중이다

 

과거 완료형은 대과거에 어떤 일을 해서 과거에 어떤 상태였는지를 이야기하는 것

 

> When I graduated 10 years ago, I had (already) started working.

(대과거: 일을 이미 시작했다 -> 과거: 졸업했다) - 졸업할때는 이미 일을 시작한 상황이었다

> When I got back home last night, my parents had already gone to bed.

(대과거: 이미 자러갔다 -> 과거: 집에 돌아갔다) - 집에 돌아갔을때는 이미 자러간 상황이었다.

 

단순 과거로도 의미가 충분한 상황인데 과거완료형을 남발하지 말자

> I had started working in 2005 (X)

> I started working in 2005 (O)

 

About a year ago, I bought this smartphone used.

I paid about 500 thousand won for it. 

But I found out that they usually went for around 300 thousand won.

But by the time I found out, I had already made the purchase and there was no way to return it.

Ever since that happened, I've gotten much more careful about buying second hand products

and I've been trying to avoid buying whenever possible

 

* Ever since that happend: 그 일이 있고 나서는 (= Ever since then)

* whenever possible: 가능하면

 

# 전치사는 어떻게 쓰나요?

1. 시설(물) / 이벤트 - "at"

Let's meet at the bus stop

I'll see you at the party

I met a lot of people at the conference

 

(~에 간다, 방향성을 내포하고 있을 때에는 "to"를 사용한다)

go to the party

go to the conference

go to the bus stop

 

I work at a bank

- 은행 건물에서 일을 한다(은행원이 아니라 청소부, 직원일 수도)

I work in/for a bank

- 은행 직원으로 일을 한다 (소속의 개념)

 

2. 공간 - "in"

I'll meet you in the lobby

in the bedroom, in the pocket, in the corner, in the living room ...

 

3. 표면 / 이동수단 - "on"

on the desk, on the wall, on the ceiling, on my shirt ...

I saw her on the subway

I'm on the elevator

I'm on the bus right now

('내부에서' 라는 개념이 더 부각되어야 할 때는 in을 쓰는 것도 가능하다)

 

My family and I went out for dinner yesterday. We ate at a Chinese restaurant. When we got there, it was pretty crowded and there was a queue. But that's the only Chinese restaurant in our neighborhood. So we put our name on the waiting list and we waited in the car.

* there - 부사(~에, ~에서), 전치사랑 같이 쓰이지 않음(in there, at there X)

 

A: When do you leave?

B: I leave next week, on Friday, It's the 18th. / (I leave on the 18th of January)

A: What time is your flight? I think I can take you to the airport.

B: Really? That would be great! It's a 3'o clock flight but I want to get(be/arrive) there by noon. You know, to get everything sorted.

A: Yeah, of course. I can pick you up at your place at around(about) 10.

B: Yeah, that sounds great.

I've been to Japan twice.

The second time was (about) 4 years ago.

I went with my mother and we were there for about a week.

We stayed in a really small hotel because we weren't plannig to spend a lot of time inside.

* I've been to @@ : 나는 @@를 가본적 있다

 

The exhibition is held once every year in January.

This year, it's being held for 5 days.

It starts next week on the 21st and it ends on the 25th.

I'm going to go on the first day, on Monday.

They open at 9 but I'm going to try to get there by 8.

* 요일처럼 특정한 어느 '하루, 요일'를 가리킬 때는 'on'을 사용하는것이 기본이다

(특정 날짜를 지칭할때는 the를 같이 쓰는게 좋다)

* 어떤 특정한 요일이 아닌 월, 해를 표현할때는 'in' 이 기본이다

* 시간을 가리킬때는 'at'이 기본이다

 

<by와 with의 구분> "~으로서 ~를 하다"

- (어떤 도구를 사용해서) "~으로" 를 표현할때는 'by' 대신 'with'를 사용한다

- (어떤 방법, 방식을 이용해서) "~으로"는 'by' (by subway, by bus 등..)

 

A: I killed(caught) a fly with my hand this morning.

B: What? Why didn't you use a book or something?

A: I was in the bathroom. What do I catch it with? A soap?

B: Well, you could've caught it with some toilet papaer

 

I lost a lot of weight by avoiding sugar and salt.

 

A: We get together once a week. We usually decide the exact date and time based on everyone's schedule, so it changes often. This week, we are meeting on Thursday at 8 O' clock in the evening.

B: Alright, I think I can be there by then.

A: Great. We usually try to wait until everyone arrives, but do let me know If you are running late and if you can't make it.

B: Of course